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http://sd.wareonearth.com/~phil/jumbo.html
Whether or not Gigabit Ethernet (and beyond) should support frame sizes (i.e. packets) larger than 1500 bytes has been a topic of great debate. With the explosive growth of Gigabit ethernet, the impact of this decision is critically important and will affect Internet performance for years to come.
Most of the debate about jumbo frames has focused on local area network performance and the impact that frame size has on host processing requirements, interface cards, memory, etc. But what is less well known, and of critical concern for high performance computing, is the impact that frame size has on wide area network performance. This document discusses why you should care, and about the largely ignored but important impact that frame size has on the wide area performance of TCP.
How jumbo is a jumbo frame anyway?
Ethernet has used 1500 byte frame sizes since it was created (around 1980). To maintain backward compatibility, 100 Mbps ethernet used the same size, and today "standard" gigabit ethernet is also using 1500 byte frames. This is so a packet to/from any combination of 10/100/1000 Mbps ethernet devices can be handled without any layer two fragmentation or reassembly.
"Jumbo frames" extends ethernet to 9000 bytes. Why 9000? First because ethernet uses a 32 bit CRC that loses its effectiveness above about 12000 bytes. And secondly, 9000 was large enough to carry an 8 KB application datagram (e.g. NFS) plus packet header overhead. Is 9000 bytes enough? It's a lot better than 1500, but for pure performance reasons there is little reason to stop there. At 64 KB we reach the limit of an IPv4 datagram, while IPv6 allows for packets up to 4 GB in size. For ethernet however, the 32 bit CRC limit is hard to change, so don't expect to see ethernet frame sizes above 9000 bytes anytime soon.
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