ISO C++11
5.3.4
15 A new-expression that creates an object of type T initializes that object as follows:
— If the new-initializer is omitted, the object is default-initialized (8.5); if no initialization is performed,
the object has indeterminate value.
— Otherwise, the new-initializer is interpreted according to the initialization rules of 8.5 for direct-initialization.
8.5
5 To zero-initialize an object or reference of type T means:
— if T is a scalar type (3.9), the object is set to the value 0 (zero), taken as an integral constant expression, converted to T;103
— if T is a (possibly cv-qualified) non-union class type, each non-static data member and each base-class subobject is zero-initialized and padding is initialized to zero bits;
— if T is a (possibly cv-qualified) union type, the object’s first non-static named data member is zeroinitialized and padding is initialized to zero bits;
— if T is an array type, each element is zero-initialized;
— if T is a reference type, no initialization is performed.
103) As specified in 4.10, converting an integral constant expression whose value is 0 to a pointer type results in a null pointer value.
6 To default-initialize an object of type T means:
— if T is a (possibly cv-qualified) class type (Clause 9), the default constructor for T is called (and the
initialization is ill-formed if T has no accessible default constructor);
— if T is an array type, each element is default-initialized;
— otherwise, no initialization is performed.
If a program calls for the default initialization of an object of a const-qualified type T, T shall be a class type with a user-provided default constructor.
7 To value-initialize an object of type T means:
— if T is a (possibly cv-qualified) class type (Clause 9) with a user-provided constructor (12.1), then the default constructor for T is called (and the initialization is ill-formed if T has no accessible default constructor);
— if T is a (possibly cv-qualified) non-union class type without a user-provided constructor, then the object is zero-initialized and, if T’s implicitly-declared default constructor is non-trivial, that constructor is called.
— if T is an array type, then each element is value-initialized;
— otherwise, the object is zero-initialized.
An object that is value-initialized is deemed to be constructed and thus subject to provisions of this International Standard applying to “constructed” objects, objects “for which the constructor has completed,” etc., even if no constructor is invoked for the object’s initialization.
15 The initialization that occurs in the forms
T x(a);
T x{a};
as well as in new expressions (5.3.4), static_cast expressions (5.2.9), functional notation type conversions (5.2.3), and base and member initializers (12.6.2) is called direct-initialization.
16 The semantics of initializers are as follows. The destination type is the type of the object or reference being initialized and the source type is the type of the initializer expression. If the initializer is not a single (possibly parenthesized) expression, the source type is not defined.
— If the initializer is a (non-parenthesized) braced-init-list, the object or reference is list-initialized (8.5.4).
— If the destination type is a reference type, see 8.5.3.
— If the destination type is an array of characters, an array of char16_t, an array of char32_t, or an array of wchar_t, and the initializer is a string literal, see 8.5.2.
— If the initializer is (), the object is value-initialized.
— Otherwise, if the destination type is an array, the program is ill-formed.
— If the destination type is a (possibly cv-qualified) class type:
— If the initialization is direct-initialization, or if it is copy-initialization where the cv-unqualified version of the source type is the same class as, or a derived class of, the class of the destination, constructors are considered. The applicable constructors are enumerated (13.3.1.3), and the best one is chosen through overload resolution (13.3). The constructor so selected is called to initialize the object, with the initializer expression or expression-list as its argument(s). If no constructor applies, or the overload resolution is ambiguous, the initialization is ill-formed.
— Otherwise (i.e., for the remaining copy-initialization cases), user-defined conversion sequences that can convert from the source type to the destination type or (when a conversion function is used) to a derived class thereof are enumerated as described in 13.3.1.4, and the best one is chosen through overload resolution (13.3). If the conversion cannot be done or is ambiguous, the initialization is ill-formed. The function selected is called with the initializer expression as its argument; if the function is a constructor, the call initializes a temporary of the cv-unqualified version of the destination type. The temporary is a prvalue. The result of the call (which is the temporary for the constructor case) is then used to direct-initialize, according to the rules above, the object that is the destination of the copy-initialization. In certain cases, an implementation is permitted to eliminate the copying inherent in this direct-initialization by constructing the intermediate result directly into the object being initialized; see 12.2, 12.8.
— Otherwise, if the source type is a (possibly cv-qualified) class type, conversion functions are considered.
The applicable conversion functions are enumerated (13.3.1.5), and the best one is chosen through
overload resolution (13.3). The user-defined conversion so selected is called to convert the initializer
expression into the object being initialized. If the conversion cannot be done or is ambiguous, the initialization is ill-formed.
— Otherwise, the initial value of the object being initialized is the (possibly converted) value of the initializer
expression. Standard conversions (Clause 4) will be used, if necessary, to convert the initializer expression to the cv-unqualified version of the destination type; no user-defined conversions are considered.
If the conversion cannot be done, the initialization is ill-formed. [ Note: An expression of type
“cv1 T” can initialize an object of type “cv2 T” independently of the cv-qualifiers cv1 and cv2.
int a;
const int b = a;
int c = b;
—end note ]
省略初值符就是默認初始化，對于 內建指針內建指針及其數(shù)組 就是不初始化，具有未決值。
顯式初始化同聲明時同時初始化（這個規(guī)則就一堆了，上面把和LZ問題不相關的像zero-initialization/value-initialization都去掉了免得太羅嗦，有需要的翻8.5）。
題外話，new的坑爹語法……
5.3.4
4 [ Note: parentheses in a new-type-id of a new-expression can have surprising effects. [Example:
new int(*[10])(); // error
is ill-formed because the binding is
(new int) (*[10])(); // error
Instead, the explicitly parenthesized version of the new operator can be used to create objects of compound types (3.9.2):
new (int (*[10])());
allocates an array of 10 pointers to functions (taking no argument and returning int. —end example ] —end note ]
